Stenzler JS, Goulbourne NC (2011) The effect of polyacrylate mocrostructure on the impact response of PMMA/PC multi-laminates. (97)00052-9Īn J, Kang B-H, Choi B-H, Kim H-J (2014) Observation and evaluation of scratch characteristics of injection-molded poly(methyl methacrylate) toughened by acrylic rubbers. Ĭho K, Yang J, Park CE (1997) The effect of interfacial adhesion on toughening behaviour of rubber modified poly(methyl methacrylate).
Lovell PA, McDonald J, Saunders D, Sherratt M, Young R (1993) Multiple-phase toughening particle morphology: effect on the properties of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate). Kopesky E, McKinley G, Cohen R (2006) Toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites by incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. (02)00485-8īucknalla C, Ayre D, Dijkstrab D (2000) Detection of rubber particle cavitation in toughened plastics using thermal contraction tests. Ramsteiner F, Heckmann W, McKee G, Breulmann M (2002) Influence of void formation on impact toughness in rubber modified styrenic-polymers. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 411–423īucknall C, Rizzieri R, Moore D (2000) Detection of incipient rubber particle cavitation in toughened PMMA using dynamic mechanical tests. (97)10253-1īicerano J (1993) Prediction of polymer properties, 3rd edn. Īyre DS, Bucknall CB (1998) Particle cavitation in rubber-toughened PMMA: experimental testing of energy-balance criterion. Ĭheng S-K, Chen C-Y (2004) Mechanical properties and strain-rate effect of EVA-PMMA in situ polymerization blends. Lalande L, Plummer CJ-G, Manson JAE, Gerard P (2006) Microdeformation mechanisms in rubber toughened PMMA and PMMA-based copolymers. Several toughening mechanisms (rubber cavitation, plastic yielding of the matrix, and partial pull-out of rubber) appeared in the impact test, while the mechanisms for tensile toughening included rubber cavitation and crazing. The elongation at break clearly improved to the maximum at 5 wt% CSNR, and tensile toughness was about 219% higher than for neat PMMA, while elongation was about 91% higher than for neat PMMA. The impact strength of CSNR-PMMA blends increased with CSNR content having the maximum at about 5.85 kJ/m 2, which is 23% higher than neat PMMA (4.58 kJ/m 2). SEM micrographs revealed that the CSNR had excellent compatibility and good interfacial adhesion to the PMMA matrix. The obtained CSNR (containing NR core 70.85 wt% and polymeric shell 29.15 wt%) at 1–10 wt% loading was used to improve toughness and mechanical properties of PMMA. The presence of siloxane crosslinks in the shell was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. The core–shell structure was clearly observed in TEM micrographs. 46:1419–1427, 2006.Core–shell natural rubber (CSNR), or encapsulated NR, was obtained by admicellar polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-co-poly(3-trimethoxy silylpropyl methacrylate) (PMMA-co-PMPS) covering onto the NR particles. The simultaneous addition of 5 wt% nanoclay (Cloisite®30B) and 20 wt% EXL2330 resulted in a PLA composite with a 134% increase in impact strength, a 6% increase in strain at break, a similar modulus, and a 28% reduction in tensile strength in comparison with pure PLA. On the other hand, PLA/EXL2330 composites with a rubber loading level of 10 wt% or higher had a much higher impact strength and strain at break, but a lower modulus and strength when compared with pure PLA. In comparison with pure PLA, both types of PLA/5 wt% nanoclay composites had an increased modulus, similar impact strength, slightly reduced tensile strength, and significantly reduced strain at break.
According to X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, both types of PLA/5 wt% nanoclay composites had an intercalated morphology. The effects of two types of organically modified montmorillonite nanoclays (i.e., Cloisite®30B and 20A), two types of core (polybutylacrylate)–shell (polymethylmethacrylate) rubbers (i.e., Paraloid EXL2330 and EXL2314), and the combination of nanoclay and rubber on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Three types of composites, namely, polylactide (PLA)/nanoclay, PLA/core–shell rubber, and PLA/nanoclay/core–shell rubber, were melt compounded via a corotating twin-screw extruder.